Marine reserves are protected areas of the ocean where human activities such as fishing, mining, and tourism are restricted or prohibited in order to conserve and restore marine ecosystems and biodiversity. These reserves are established to help safeguard marine species, habitats, and ecosystems, as well as to promote sustainable fisheries management and protect against the impacts of climate change and pollution. Research in this area may focus on the ecological, social, and economic impacts of marine reserves, as well as on the design, implementation, and effectiveness of marine protected areas in achieving conservation goals.